AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS - THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE

 " The Cone is a visual analogy, and like all analogies, it does not bear an exact and detailed relationship to the complex elements it represents" - Words from "Edgar Dale".

THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE🎉

Introduction

• First introduced in Dale's 1946 book, Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching.
• Designed to "show the progression of learning experiences" (Date(1969) p.108) from the concrete to the abstract.

Father of Modern Media in Education - The Edgar Dale

The Cone

A) Direct and Purposeful Experience

 

• Direct, First hand experience
• Have a direct participation in the outcome 
• Use of all our senses

B) Contrived Experience

• Models and mock-ups
• "Editing of Reality"
• Necessary when real experience cannot be used or are too complicated.

C) Dramatized Experience

• Reconstructed experiences
• Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its most important parts
• Divided into two categories : Acting and Observing

  

D)  Demonstration

• Visualized explanation of an important fact, idea, or Process
• Shows how certain things are done 

E) Field Trips 

• Watch people do things in real situations
• Observe an event that is unavailable in the classroom 

F) Exhibits

• Something seen by a spectator 
• Two Types : a) Ready made and b) Home-made

G) Educational Television and Motion Pictures

Television

• Bring immediate interaction with events from around the world
• Edit an event to create clearer understanding than if experienced actual event first hand

Motion Picture

• Can omit unnecessary or unimportant material 
• Used to slow down a fast process
• Viewing,seeing and heading experiences
• Can re-create events with simplistic drama that even slower students can grasp

H) Recordings, Radio and Still Pictures

• Can often be understood by those who cannot read
• Helpful to students who cannot deal with the motion or pace of a real event or television.

I) Visual Symbols

 

• No longer involves reproducing real situation
• Chalkboard and overhead projector the most widely used media
• Help students see an idea, event, or process

J) Verbal Symbol 

Two types :

• Written words- more abstract 
• Spoken words-less abstract

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The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from bottom of the cone, the more abstract the experience becomes. This is what "Cone of Experience is all about".

See the below video for further details :

The Conclusion

Dale's Cone of Experience provides teaching and learning models that allows teachers to understand how to increase the retention rate of learners by involving the learner. It guides the instructors to adopt the right mode of learning practices.